Across North America many rail enthusiasts are engaged in watching and photographing trains. Most often these aficionados go unnoticed, but increasingly small cities and towns are accommodating these "railfans". A review of the academic literature reveals that although there are many books, websites, and magazines dedicated to railfans, virtually no academic research has been conducted on who railfans are, what their economic impact is and how rural communities seek to exploit the niche market. The purpose of this research is to fill this void by examining the process and resulting economic impact of railfan tourism development.