The positive biodiversity and ecosystem functions relationship (BEF) has been well established, especially in controlled experiments. However, a coherent study to examine the multiple relationships in BEF in natural ...

Empirical and theoretical studies have attributed the observed positive diversity-productivity relationship (DPR) across various ecosystems to a complementarity effect through niche differentiation and/or facilitation among ...

Energy transfer from one system to another system, or vice versa, is happening constantly in many processes with various forms. Vibration in machines or structures can be considered as a form of energy transfer from a ...

Windthrow is a self-identified disturbance factor in forests, which has a huge ecological and economic impact. This paper discusses the influence of windthrow on boreal forests and analyzes the changes of tree ecosystems ...