Indices have been developed using macrophytes and water quality parameters to detect the impact of anthropogenic disturbance on coastal wetlands of the Great Lakes, but such an index does not currently exist for Lake ...

Post-fire black spruce (Picea mariana Mill.) regeneration has received considerable attention in management of the boreal forest of eastern Canada. Seedbed quality is a key factor for seed germination and early seedling ...

Complete mixing of the water column of lakes is important to ensure that nutrients and dissolved oxygen are replenished and equalized throughout the lake. This ensures that organisms within the lake at all trophic levels ...

Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of Coldwater Disease, affects salmonid fish in aquaculture operations worldwide and causes skin lesions which if left untreated results in spinal deformities, spiral swimming ...

Iron is essential to many biological and metabolic processes used in all organisms, but excess iron can result in complications such as cirrhosis, diabetes, and heart failure. Cardiac iron overload has been linked to ...

The study of habitat selection is vital to identify potential threats and to conserve species at risk. The consequences of living in a particular habitat can influence processes beyond the individual with observable effects ...

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a condition in which mature bone forms in a non-osseous tissue following extreme trauma such as injury or surgery (1]. It is thought that a particular cell type known as mesenchymal ...