“As you’re able”: exploring perceptions of culturally-inclusive physical activity classes among older adults

Abstract

Culturally-inclusive physical activity (CIPA) encompasses initiatives designed to promote movement while accommodating diverse cultural backgrounds. Within this, group dynamics play an important role in fostering a sense of belonging and can improve physical activity participation. While studies on the benefits of CIPA-based programming exist, limited research on how CIPA influences engagement for older adults is available, especially through a group dynamics lens. Older adults face unique challenges when it comes to physical activity adherence which makes them an important population to research. Having more insight into the experience of group-based CIPA engagement could prove useful for identifying avenues to promote adherence, thereby impacting the health of participants positively. Thus, this qualitative study explored the perspectives of older adults (aged 60+) with CIPA program experience (e.g., BollyFit, Yoga, Tai Chi) from the Greater Toronto Area. A descriptive design integrating semi-structured interviews was used to gather information on participant’s facilitators and barriers to engagement, as well as group dynamics principles. Twelve older adults were interviewed (Mage = 70.16; n = 8 females). Deductive and inductive thematic analysis were used to identify recurring themes, and several strategies were employed to enhance data trustworthiness. Overall, program accessibility, health benefits, and opportunities for personal growth served as key facilitators to engagement, while programmatic issues, physical/mental barriers, and language challenges hindered participation. Notably, group dynamics themes — including social connections, role modeling, and support in various capacities — emerged as central to fostering belongingness and adherence. In sum, these findings illustrate the potential of CIPA to enhance engagement and well-being among older adults by fostering inclusivity and harnessing cultural diversity when creating supportive environments. Findings can be used to inform equitable and diverse movement opportunities for older adults and contribute to the growing discourse on culturally-sensitive approaches used for physical activity. Keywords: Culturally-Inclusive Physical Activity, Older Adults, Physical Activity Engagement, Qualitative, Group Dynamics, Belongingness