Environment Tobacco Smoke Exposure Reduction and Smoking Cessation Interventions Targeted at Parental Populations: A Meta-analysis and Exploration of Implementation Measures

Abstract

Background Second hand smoke can cause disease and death in both adults and children who do not smoke (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2006). To protect children, interventions with parents who smoke have been conducted. These have the added benefit of protecting multiple people, and arguments have been made that parents are more engaged with the health of their child than their own, both emotionally and for more practical reasons (Agee & Crocker, 2007; Tanski & Wilson, 2011; Winickoff et al., 2003). Objectives A number of reviews of studies in this area have been conducted. This study sought to replicate and expand on previous reviews. Intervention implementation measures were explored with a different approach than in previous reviews. This revealed some potential gaps in current reporting that if filled would increase study quality appraisal. Two major outcomes were explored through meta-analysis. Cessation was explored through biochemical and self-report measures. Reduced child exposure to environmental tobacco smoke was explored through the implementation of environmental smoking bans and child cotinine measures.