Effects of resistance training on selected physiological parameters

Abstract

The literature presents contradictory statements concerning the effectiveness of free weights, isokinetic devices and plyometric exercises on the development of lower extremity power, and lean body mass {Coyle, Feiring, Rotkis, Cote, Roby, Lee, & Wilmore, 1981; Gettman, Cutler & Strathman, 1980; Pipes & Wilmore, 1975; Promoli & Holt, 1979; Verhoshanski & Tatyan, 1983; and Scoles, 1978) . There is limited evidence in the literature measuring the effectiveness of combining plyometrics and various alternative resistance training devices. The training effects of four experimental groups were investigated; free weights (FW), Hydra-Fitness (HF), Hydra- Fitness plus plyometrics (HFP), and free weights plus plyometrics (FWP). Pre-training and post-training tests for the lower extremity measured lean body mass, muscular peak power at slow and fast speeds (60, and 180 degrees/second), powerendurance and vertical jump power. Forty Physical Education students were randomly assigned into four groups; free weights, Hydra-Fitness, Hydra-Fitness plus plyometrics, and free weights plus plyometrics. The intensity of each group was equated. Subjects were trained three times per week for seven weeks. A 4 (groups) by 2 (tests) ANOVA with repeated measures on the last factor (p<.05) was employed on pre and post training raw data. Post-hoc technique (Scheffe' method) was employed when significant interactions were found. All groups improved the lean body mass, vertical jump, and power-endurance after training. There were no significant differences found between the four training groups. Plyometrics in combination with free weights or Hydra-Fitness appear to have a positive training effect on power.