Emotional memory in oral contraceptive users : Negative stimuli are more forgettable

Abstract

Recent research suggests oral contraceptive use is associated with altered memory for emotional story information, blunted stress hormone responses to emotional stimuli, and altered structure or function of the amygdala and hippocampus. This study examined the extent to which oral contraceptives influence relative recall of: (a) the spatial location of emotional versus neutral stimuli, and (b) positive versus negative emotional stimuli. Participants (58 oral contraceptive users, 40 nonusers, and 37 men) completed an emotional spatial memory test and were evaluated on short-term recall and long-term (one week) recall. There was no evidence for group differences in recall of the locations of emotional versus neutral stimuli. However, oral contraceptive users remembered relatively more positive than negative items compared to nonusers and men on the spatial memory test. This effect was driven by oral contraceptive users recalling fewer negative items than free-cyclers. The results indicate that hormonal contraceptives may decrease immediate recall of negative emotional stimuli.