Livestock are common in many protected areas and due to their negative effects pose a considerable challenge to protected area managers attempting to conserve native ecosystems. Negative effects include resource competition ...

Tree mortality influences forest structure, composition and ecosystem functions. To assess how recent climate changes affected tree mortality, observational studies conducted in old-growth forests have shown that tree ...

Fungi are ubiquitous in forest ecosystems and are, collectively, a major force in driving nutrient and organic matter availability and cycling. Some saprotrophic and mycorrhizal fungi are characterized by a perennial ...

Due to the limited energy reserves and the increasing demand for energy, a large number of greenhouse gases such as CO2 have been released to the air. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new sources of energy and ...

Nutrient resorption (NuR) prior to developmental senescence allows for nutrient conservation in plants, driven primarily by genetics, development stage, climate and soil fertility, and litterfall is the vector for the ...

This study examined the rooting patterns of white spruce (Sw, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and trembling aspen (Pt, Populus tremuloides Michx.), and the effect of stand type upon such patterns. Specifically, contrasts were ...

I examined trends of fine root biomass and necromass in different mixed- and single-species stands within the central and eastern regions of the North American boreal forest to determine how annual fine root production, ...

Coarse-scale, physical lake characteristics (lake fetch, shoreline exposure, and littoral-zone slope) were investigated as to their ability to predict benthic macroinvertebrate communities and lake sturgeon feeding along ...